The article clarifies the distinct definitions of RNAV (Area Navigation), RNP (Required Navigation Performance), and PBN (Performance Based Navigation), emphasizing RNP's requirement for onboard ...
Earning an instrument and a type rating today still demands the applicant successfully fly a circling approach. Despite the FAA’s recent Advisory Circular (AC) 120-123 calling for an increased focus ...
According to recent FAA statistics, there are approximately 1292 “plain vanilla” ILS approaches that are designed to Cat I minimums—usually a DH of 200 feet AGL and visibility of ½ SM. This excludes ...
Example circling maneuver at Memphis IAP, Tennessee. Author graphic. I used to think of the circle-to-land maneuver following an instrument approach as a necessary evil. We had a lot of airports to go ...
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