When the federal government set up boarding schools in the 19th century to assimilate Native American children into American culture, one of the objectives was to get them to turn away from the use of ...
Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) are widely used to measure speaking ability in a second or foreign language. The Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) Speaking Test is an OPI used ...
Derek Gladwin receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and Canada First Research Excellence Fund in Canada. Kedrick James receives funding from the Social Sciences and ...
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