Automobile engines have undergone tons of changes over the years, primarily to make them more efficient. For the most part though, engine changes result from a string of iterative improvements on ...

Automakers have long touted the benefits of fuel injection, claiming increased efficiency and power. But as more cars have the system installed (around 73% in 2023), more and more consumers are ...

This study investigates the formation of wall films in direct injection engines, a key factor in particulate matter generation. The results show that cold fuel adheres more to the wall creating ...