The water hardening types of tool steel are covered by AS1239 ‘W’ grades and these are shallow hardening. These steels contain around 1% carbon and may have small additions of vanadium for grain ...

The process of heat-treating metals on the industrial scale primarily serves to improve the overall properties of the metals required for their future use. Such metal properties can include toughness, ...

What do gears, bearings, and shafts have in common? For one thing, they're often made out of steel. For another, they're subject to a failure mode known as rolling contact fatigue. Rolling contact ...

Many industrial processes involve the heat treatment of materials, such as metals, plastics, and composites. Commonly used heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and oils exhibit ...

It wasn’t long after humans discovered metals that they also discovered ways to apply heat to them to change their properties, such as making the metal stronger or more flexible. Here are some concise ...