Growing demand for durable outdoor structures is increasing interest in retaining walls, stone walls, and other masonry ...

Reinforced soil retaining walls are integral structures in modern civil engineering, designed to stabilise earth slopes and embankments, particularly in seismic regions. These systems combine layers ...

California's recent storms exposed how aging retaining walls, many built without modern geotechnical and seismic design, are now failing under extreme rainfall, soil movement, and landslide pressure.

Segmental Retaining Walls (SRWs) are gravity retaining walls that rely primarily on their mass (weight) for stability. The system consists of concrete masonry units which are placed without the use of ...

Many reinforced concrete structures have been built in Switzerland and Central Europe since the 1960s. Time leaves its mark: chemical changes in the concrete may result in steel corrosion. Researchers ...