Tissue and organ failure, produced as a result of injury or other type of damage, is a major health problem, accounting for about half of the total annual expenditure in health care in the US 1.

The field of regenerative medicine is entering an era of unprecedented convergence, bringing together intelligent biomaterials, biomedical hydrogels, and ...

Traditional-tissue engineering approaches (Panel A) seed cells onto a three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold that serves as a framework for new tissue development (i). The scaffold degrades as new ...