President Donald Trump has called for a “new” census that excludes undocumented migrants from its count. If this new census were realized and used for the core functions of the current one — determining how seats in the Electoral College and the US House of Representatives are apportioned and how some federal funding is distributed — it would have wide-ranging implications for the US.

Republicans believe population increases in red states, such as Texas, would offset losses from not counting immigrants who lack legal status.