Chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria, mitochondria arose from proteobacteria. Both organelles have conserved their prokaryotic biochemistry, but their genomes are reduced, and most organelle proteins ...

Even if the well-known endosymbiotic theory is right, and once free-living single-celled organisms evolved to become organelles within larger cells, much remains unexplained about how, exactly, ...

As proposed by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, natural selection, the engine that drives evolution, is how species adapt to their environments. Unlike the Neo-Darwinist consensus, the ...

Horizontal Gene Transfer (or HGT) is the process of an organism acquiring another organism’s DNA, usually through absorbing the ‘target’ organism, resulting in an endosymbiotic relationship. This ...

1.8 billion years ago, a cell ate another cell, but it didn't digest it, and without that happening, we would not exist. This week we explore the origins of eukaryotic cells and ask the question, "Are ...