Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...

This is Part 2 of a three-part series. As discussed in Part 1 and recapped here, modern wireless communications systems (mainly superheterodyne radio transceivers) are now required to deliver higher ...

In electronic systems, wires and cables provide intentional circuit paths for power or signal currents to move from a source to a load and then return to the source. These current paths have the ...

Some operational amplifiers (op amps) have an inductive open-loop output impedance, which can be more complex to stabilize than op amps with resistive output impedances. One of the most common ...

Engineers often use SPICE simulations for operational amplifiers to look at the stability of a proposed circuit. SPICE simulations are particularly frequent for high-speed amplifier applications where ...